N’oge na-adịghị anya gara aga, akwụkwọ azịza n’etiti afọ maka njikọ njikọ nke Hengqin n’etiti Zhuhai na Macao ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-apụta.Otu n'ime eriri anya na-agafe agafe dọtara mmasị.Ọ gafere site na Zhuhai na Macao iji ghọta njikọ ike kọmputa na ikesa akụrụngwa site na Macao ruo Hengqin, wee wuo ọwa ozi.Shanghai na-akwalite nkwalite na mgbanwe oru ngo nke "optical n'ime ọla kọpa azụ" niile-fiber nkwurịta okwu netwọk iji hụ na elu-edu akụ na ụba mmepe na mma nkwurịta okwu ọrụ maka ndị bi.
Site na mmepe ngwa ngwa nke teknụzụ ịntanetị, ọchịchọ ndị ọrụ na-achọ ịntanetị na-abawanye kwa ụbọchị, otu esi emeziwanye ikike nkwukọrịta fiber optical aghọwo nsogbu dị ngwa a ga-edozi.
Ebe ọ bụ na nkà na ụzụ nzikọrịta ozi fiber optical fiber pụtara, ọ ewetala nnukwu mgbanwe na ngalaba sayensị na teknụzụ na ọha mmadụ.Dị ka ngwa dị mkpa nke teknụzụ laser, teknụzụ ozi laser na-anọchi anya teknụzụ nkwukọrịta fiber optic emewo ka usoro netwọkụ nkwukọrịta ọgbara ọhụrụ bụrụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke nnyefe ozi.Teknụzụ nzikọrịta ozi fiber Optical bụ ihe dị mkpa na-ebu ike nke ụwa ịntanetị dị ugbu a, yana ọ bụkwa otu n'ime teknụzụ bụ isi nke oge ozi.
Site na mpụta na-aga n'ihu nke teknụzụ dị iche iche na-apụta dị ka ịntanetị nke ihe, nnukwu data, eziokwu mebere, ọgụgụ isi mmadụ (AI), nkwukọrịta mkpanaka ọgbọ nke ise (5G) na teknụzụ ndị ọzọ, a na-etinye ihe dị elu na mgbanwe ozi na nnyefe.Dabere na data nyocha nke Cisco weputara na 2019, okporo ụzọ IP zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-abawanye site na 1.5ZB (1ZB=1021B) na 2017 ruo 4.8ZB na 2022, yana ọnụego uto kwa afọ nke 26%.Na-eche ihu na-eto eto nke okporo ụzọ dị elu, nkwurịta okwu fiber optical, dị ka akụkụ kachasị azụ nke netwọk nkwurịta okwu, na-enwe nrụgide dị ukwuu iji kwalite.Sistemụ nzikọrịta ozi fiber ngwa anya dị elu na netwọkụ ga-abụ ntụzịaka mmepe nke teknụzụ nkwukọrịta fiber ngwa anya.
Akụkọ mmepe na ọnọdụ nyocha nke Teknụzụ Nkwukọrịta Fiber Optical
E mepụtara laser ruby nke mbụ na 1960, na-esote nchọpụta nke otú lasers si arụ ọrụ nke Arthur Showlow na Charles Townes na 1958. Mgbe ahụ, na 1970, mbụ AlGaAs semiconductor laser nke nwere ike ịga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ okpomọkụ e mepụtara nke ọma, na 1977. Achọpụtara laser semiconductor na-arụ ọrụ na-aga n'ihu ruo ọtụtụ iri puku awa na gburugburu ebe obibi bara uru.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, lasers nwere ihe ndị achọrọ maka nzikọrịta ozi eriri anya azụmahịa.Site na mmalite nke mmepụta nke laser, ndị na-emepụta ihe ghọtara ngwa ngwa ya dị mkpa na ngalaba nkwurịta okwu.Otú ọ dị, e nwere adịghị ike abụọ doro anya na nkà na ụzụ nkwurịta okwu laser: otu bụ na nnukwu ume ga-efunahụ n'ihi ọdịiche dị iche iche nke laser;nke ọzọ bụ na ọ na-emetụta ya nke ukwuu site na ngwa ngwa, dị ka ngwa na gburugburu ikuku ga-abụ nke ukwuu n'okpuru mgbanwe ọnọdụ ihu igwe.Ya mere, maka nzikọrịta ozi laser, ntuziaka ebili mmiri anya kwesịrị ekwesị dị ezigbo mkpa.
The Optical fiber eji maka nzikọrịta ozi nke Dr. Kao Kung, onye nwetara ihe nrite Nobel na physics, na-egbo mkpa teknụzụ nkwukọrịta laser maka ndị na-efegharị efegharị.Ọ tụrụ aro na Rayleigh agbasasịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsị)) nke Rayleigh nke eriri anya nwere ike ịdị obere (ihe na-erughị 20 dB/km), na ọnwụ ike na eriri ngwa anya na-esite na nnabata nke ìhè site na adịghị ọcha na ihe iko, yabụ nchacha ihe bụ isi ihe. iji belata mfu ngwa anya Igodo, ma gosikwa na nnyefe otu ụdị dị mkpa iji nọgide na-arụ ọrụ nzikọrịta ozi dị mma.
Na 1970, Corning Glass Company mepụtara a quartz dabeere multimode eriri anya na ọnwụ nke banyere 20dB/km dị ka Dr. Kao si dị ọcha aro, na-eme ka ngwa anya eriri a eziokwu maka nkwurịta okwu mgbasa ozi.Mgbe nyocha na mmepe na-aga n'ihu, mfu nke eriri anya nke quartz na-abịaru nso na njedebe usoro.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọnọdụ nke nkwurịta okwu fiber optical enweela afọ ojuju.
Sistemụ nzikọrịta ozi fiber ngwa anya niile nakweere usoro nnabata nke nchọpụta ozugbo.Nke a bụ usoro nzikọrịta ozi nke eriri anya dị mfe.PD bụ ihe nchọpụta iwu square, na naanị ike nke mgbama ngwa anya nwere ike ịchọpụta.Ụzọ nchọta kpọmkwem nke a gara n'ihu site na ọgbọ mbụ nke teknụzụ nkwurịta okwu fiber optic na 1970s ruo mmalite 1990s.
Iji welie ụdịdị dị iche iche itinye n'ọrụ n'ime bandwit, anyị kwesịrị ịmalite site na akụkụ abụọ: otu bụ iji teknụzụ na-abịaru nso na njedebe Shannon, mana mmụba nke arụmọrụ dị iche iche abawanyela ihe achọrọ maka nhazi nkwukọrịta-na-mkpọtụ, si otú ahụ belata nnyefe anya;nke ọzọ bụ iji usoro ahụ eme ihe n'ụzọ zuru ezu, A na-eji ozi na-ebu ikike nke steeti polarization maka nnyefe, nke bụ usoro nkwurịta okwu anya nke abụọ na-ejikọta ọnụ.
Usoro nkwurịta okwu ngwa anya nke ọgbọ nke abụọ na-eji ngwa igwe igwe anya maka nchọpụta intradyne, ma nakweere nnabata polarization di iche iche, ya bụ, na njedebe nke nnata, ọkụ mgbaàmà na ọkụ oscillator mpaghara na-emebi n'ime ọkụ abụọ nke ìhè nke steeti polarization bụ orthogonal. nye ibe ha.N'ụzọ dị otu a, enwere ike nweta nnabata na-enweghị mmetụta polarization.Na mgbakwunye, ekwesịrị ịkọwapụta na n'oge a, nleba anya ugboro ugboro, mgbake nke ndị na-ebu ibu, nhata, mmekọrịta, njikwa polarization na demultiplexing na njedebe nnabata nwere ike mechaa site na teknụzụ nhazi akara dijitalụ (DSP), nke na-eme ka ngwaike dị mfe. imewe nke nnata , na nkwalite mgbama ike mgbake.
Ụfọdụ ihe ịma aka na ihe ndị na-eche ihu na mmepe nke teknụzụ nkwukọrịta fiber Optical
Site na ngwa nke teknụzụ dị iche iche, okirikiri agụmakwụkwọ na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ eruola oke arụmọrụ nke sistemu eriri ngwa anya.Iji gaa n'ihu na-abawanye ikike nnyefe, enwere ike nweta ya naanị site n'ịbawanye usoro bandwidth B (ikike na-abawanye n'ahịrị) ma ọ bụ ịbawanye nrịbama na mkpọtụ.Mkparịta ụka a kapịrị ọnụ bụ nke a.
1. Ngwọta na-abawanye ike nnyefe
Ebe ọ bụ na enwere ike ibelata mmetụta na-adịghị ahụkebe nke sitere na nnyefe ike dị elu site n'ịbawanye mpaghara dị irè nke eriri cross-section, ọ bụ ihe ngwọta iji mee ka ike dịkwuo ike iji eriri mode ole na ole kama iji eriri otu mode maka nnyefe.Tụkwasị na nke a, ihe ngwọta kachasị dị ugbu a maka mmetụta ndị na-adịghị na ntanetị bụ iji dijitalụ backpropagation (DBP) algọridim, ma mmelite nke arụmọrụ algorithm ga-eduga n'ịbawanye mgbagwoju anya.N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, nyocha nke teknụzụ mmụta igwe na nkwụghachi ụgwọ na-enweghị isi egosila atụmanya ngwa ngwa dị mma, nke na-ebelata mgbagwoju anya nke algorithm, ya mere, nhazi nke usoro DBP nwere ike inyere aka site na mmụta igwe n'ọdịnihu.
2. Mụbaa bandwit nke ngwa ngwa anya
Ịbawanye bandwit nwere ike imebi site na njedebe nke ugboro ole EDFA.Na mgbakwunye na C-band na L-band, a pụkwara itinye S-band na ngwa ngwa, yana SOA ma ọ bụ Raman amplifier nwere ike iji mee ka ọ dịkwuo elu.Otú ọ dị, eriri anya dị ugbu a nwere nnukwu mfu na eriri ugboro ndị ọzọ karịa S-band, ọ dịkwa mkpa ịmepụta ụdị eriri anya ọhụrụ iji belata nkwụsị nnyefe.Mana maka igwe egwu ndị ọzọ, teknụzụ nkwalite ngwa anya dị na ahịa bụkwa ihe ịma aka.
3. Research on ala nnyefe ọnwụ ngwa anya eriri
Research on ala nnyefe ọnwụ eriri bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị oké egwu okwu a na ubi.Hollow core fiber (HCF) nwere ohere nke nkwụsị nnyefe dị ala, nke ga-ebelata oge igbu oge nke nnyefe eriri ma nwee ike iwepụ nsogbu na-enweghị isi nke eriri ruo n'ókè dị ukwuu.
4. Nchọpụta na teknụzụ metụtara nkewa nkewa multiplexing
Teknụzụ nkewa nkewa nkewa oghere bụ ihe ngwọta dị irè iji bulie ikike nke otu eriri.Kpọmkwem, multi-core optical fiber na-eji maka nnyefe, na ike nke otu eriri na-agbaji okpukpu abụọ.Isi okwu na nke a bụ ma ọ dị elu-arụmọrụ ngwa anya amplifier., ma ọ bụghị ya, ọ nwere ike ịbụ naanị na otutu otu-isi ngwa anya eriri;site na iji teknụzụ multiplexing nkewa-nkewa gụnyere ọnọdụ polarization linear, OAM beam dabere na usoro otu na cylindrical vector beam dabere na polarization singularity, teknụzụ dị otú ahụ nwere ike ịbụ Beam multiplexing na-enye ogo nnwere onwe ọhụrụ ma na-emezi ikike nke sistemụ nkwurịta okwu anya.Ọ nwere atụmanya ngwa sara mbara na teknụzụ nzikọrịta ozi fiber optic, mana nyocha gbasara ngwungwu ngwa anya metụtara bụkwa ihe ịma aka.Na mgbakwunye, otu esi edozi usoro mgbagwoju anya nke kpatara ọnọdụ ọnọdụ dị iche iche na-egbu oge na ọtụtụ ntinye ọtụtụ mmepụta dijitalụ nha nhata dịkwa kwesịrị nlebara anya.
Atụmanya maka Mmepe nke teknụzụ Nkwukọrịta Fiber Optical
Teknụzụ nkwurịta okwu fiber Optical etolitela site na mbufe ngwa ngwa dị ala na mbufe ngwa ngwa ugbu a, wee bụrụ otu n'ime teknụzụ azụ azụ na-akwado ọha mmadụ ozi, wee guzobe nnukwu ọzụzụ na mpaghara mmekọrịta.N'ọdịnihu, ka ọchịchọ ọha mmadụ maka mgbasa ozi na-aga n'ihu na-abawanye, usoro nkwurịta okwu fiber optic na teknụzụ netwọk ga-amalite ruo n'ikike dị ukwuu, ọgụgụ isi na njikọta.Ka ha na-emeziwanye arụmọrụ nnyefe, ha ga-aga n'ihu na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa ma na-ejere ndị mmadụ ozi ma na-enyere obodo aka ịmepụta ozi.ọha mmadụ na-ekere òkè dị mkpa.CeiTa akwadola ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ọdachi na-emere onwe ya, nke nwere ike ibu amụma ịdọ aka ná ntị nchekwa mpaghara dịka ala ọma jijiji, idei mmiri na mbufịt.Ọ bụ naanị mkpa ka ejikọrọ na ONU nke CeiTa.Mgbe ọdachi na-emere onwe ya mere, ọdụ ala ọma jijiji ahụ ga-enye ịdọ aka ná ntị mbụ.A ga-emekọrịta ọnụ ọnụ n'okpuru ọkwa ONU.
(1) Netwọk anya nwere ọgụgụ isi
E jiri ya tụnyere usoro nkwurịta okwu ikuku, usoro nkwurịta okwu anya na netwọk nke netwọk anya nwere ọgụgụ isi ka dị na mmalite nke nhazi netwọk, nhazi netwọk na nchọpụta mmejọ, na ogo ọgụgụ isi ezughị oke.N'ihi nnukwu ikike nke otu eriri, ihe omume nke ọdịda fiber ọ bụla ga-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na akụ na ụba na ọha mmadụ.Ya mere, nlekota nke netwọk netwọk dị ezigbo mkpa maka mmepe nke netwọk nwere ọgụgụ isi n'ọdịnihu.Ntuziaka nyocha nke ekwesịrị ka elebara anya na akụkụ a n'ọdịniihu gụnyere: Sistemu nlekota ihe nleba anya n'usoro dabere na teknụzụ dị mfe na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na mmụta igwe, teknụzụ nleba anya ọnụọgụ anụ ahụ dabere na nyocha mgbaama dị n'otu na nleba anya oge-ntụgharị uche nke ngalaba oge.
(2) Teknụzụ jikọtara ọnụ na sistemụ
Ebumnuche bụ isi nke njikọta ngwaọrụ bụ iji belata ọnụ ahịa.N'ime teknụzụ nzikọrịta ozi fiber optic, enwere ike ị nweta nrịbama ngwa ngwa dị mkpụmkpụ site na mgbama na-aga n'ihu.Otú ọ dị, n'ihi nsogbu nke oge na polarization steeti mgbake, ntinye nke usoro ndị na-ejikọta ọnụ ka na-esi ike.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ọ bụrụ na enwere ike ime ka usoro nyocha-electrical-optical ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa, a ga-emeziwanye ikike usoro ahụ nke ọma.Otú ọ dị, n'ihi ihe ndị dị ka obere ọrụ nkà na ụzụ, mgbagwoju anya dị elu, na ihe isi ike na ntinye, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịkwalite mgbasa ozi niile dị ka 2R niile (re-amplification, re-shaping), 3R (re-amplification). , re-time, and re-shaped) na ngalaba nke nzikọrịta ozi anya.teknụzụ nhazi.Ya mere, n'ihe banyere mwekota technology na usoro, ga-eme n'ọdịnihu nnyocha ntụziaka dị ka ndị a: Ọ bụ ezie na nnyocha dị na mbara nkewa multiplexing usoro bụ dịtụ ọgaranya, isi components nke ohere nkewa multiplexing usoro enwebeghị ọganihu nkà na ụzụ ọganihu na academia na ụlọ ọrụ. a chọkwara ịgbasi ike ọzọ.Nnyocha, dị ka lasers agbakwunyere na modulators, ndị na-anata ihe dị n'akụkụ abụọ, ike-ike-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na-arụ ọrụ ngwa ngwa, wdg;ụdị ọhụrụ nke ngwa anya emep uta eri nwere ike budata ịgbasa usoro bandwit, ma n'ihu nnyocha ka dị mkpa iji hụ na ha keukwu arụmọrụ na n'ichepụta usoro nwere ike iru dị otu The larịị nke mode eriri;mụọ ngwaọrụ dị iche iche enwere ike iji eriri ọhụrụ na njikọ nkwukọrịta.
(3) Ngwa nzikọrịta ozi anya
Na ngwaọrụ nkwurịta okwu anya, nyocha na mmepe nke ngwaọrụ silicon photonic enwetala nsonaazụ mbụ.Otú ọ dị, ugbu a, nchọpụta metụtara ụlọ na-adabere na ngwaọrụ ndị na-agafe agafe, na nyocha na ngwaọrụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ adịghị ike.N'ihe gbasara ngwaọrụ nzikọrịta ozi anya, ntụzịaka nyocha ga-eme n'ọdịnihu gụnyere: nyocha njikọta nke ngwaọrụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ na ngwaọrụ ngwa silicon;nyocha na teknụzụ ntinye aka nke ngwaọrụ ngwa anya na-abụghị silicon, dị ka nyocha na teknụzụ ntinye nke ihe III-V na mkpụrụ;mmepe mmepe nke nyocha na mmepe ngwaọrụ ọhụrụ.Na-esochi, dị ka agbakwunyere lithium niobate optical waveguide nwere uru dị oke ọsọ yana obere ike oriri.
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-03-2023
